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| Biomaterials: Mechanical Properties ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Mechanical properties of biomaterials
Materials that are used for biomedical or clinical applications are known as biomaterials. The following article deals with fifth generation biomaterials that are used for bone structure replacement. For any material to be classified for biomedical application three requirements must be met. The first requirement is that the material must be biocompatible; it means that the organism should not treat it as a foreign object. Secondly, the material should be biodegradable (for in-graft only); the material should harmlessly degrade or dissolve in the body of the organism to allow it to resume natural functioning. Thirdly, the material should be mechanically sound; for the replacement of load bearing structures, the material should possess equivalent or greater mechanical stability to ensure high reliability of the graft.
==Introduction==
The biomaterial term is used for materials that can be used in biomedical and clinical applications. They are bioactive and biocompatible in nature. Currently, many types of metals and alloys (stainless steel, titanium, nickel, magnesium, Co–Cr alloys, Ti alloys),〔Katti, K. S. (2004). Biomaterials in total joint replacement. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 39(3), 133-142.〕 ceramics (zirconia, bioglass, alumina, hydroxyapatite) 〔 and polymers (acrylic, nylon, silicone, polyurethane, polycaprolactone, polyanhydrides) 〔 are used for load bearing application. This includes dental replacement and bone joining or replacement for medical and clinical application. Therefore their mechanical properties are very important. Mechanical properties of some biomaterials and bone are summarized in table 1.〔Wang, R. Z., Cui, F. Z., Lu, H. B., Wen, H. B., Ma, C. L., & Li, H. D. (1995). Synthesis of nanophase hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. Journal of materials science letters, 14(7), 490-492.〕 Among them hydroxyapatite is most widely studied bioactive and biocompatible material. However, it has lower young’s modulus and fracture toughness with brittle nature. Hence, it is required to produce a biomaterial with good mechanical properties.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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